JLPT N4 Grammar List
Transitive & Intransitive Verbssakubi.neocities.org/#passive
Volitional Formsakubi.neocities.org/#wanting
後でafter; later
I will call you later.
あまり○○ないnot very; not much
I don't eat very much meat.
いたすto do (humble する)
I will confirm it now. (humble)
いらっしゃるto be; to come; to go
Do you come here often?
お○○くださいplease do (honorific)
Can I have some water, please?
お○○になるto do (honorific)
Thank you for your kindness.
おきにrepeated at intervals; every
There's a train every hour.
終わるto finish; to end
I gave my best until it finished.
かい(turns a sentence into a yes/no question)
Did you have a meal this morning?
かしらI wonder
I wonder if Yuko is okay.
がするsmell; hear; taste
It smells good.
方way of; method
My way of thinking
かどうかwhether or not
I don’t know whether I will go or not.
かなI wonder
I wonder if it’s cold outside.
かもしれないmight; maybe
It could be allergies.
がるto show signs of; to feel; to think
Please don’t be afraid.
急にsuddenly
The cat bit me suddenly.
ございますthere is (honorific ある)
Do you have any other questions?
こと(turns verbs into nouns)
Have you seen this?
ことができるcan; be able to
I can ride a horse.
ことにするto decide on
I decided to buy a house.
ことになるwill become
It'll be a bad thing if other's find out.
ごろaround; about
I will finish making it around three o'clock.
さ(turns adjectives) into nouns
This table is the right height for me.
させられるto be made to do something
My son was expelled.
させるto make/let somebody do something
This lovley story will move you.
しand
I was scared, and I was sad.
しか○○ないonly; nothing but
There are only four chairs.
じゃないかisn't it
It's fine isn’t it?
ぜんぜん(not) at all
I don’t have any money at all.
そうだ 1I heard that; it is said that
I heard that the temperature will go down tomorrow.
そうだ 2look like; appear; seem
You look sleepy.
そうに / そうなseem; look like
That watch looks expensive.
それでもbut still; and yet
It may rain tomorow and yet I'll still go to the sea.
そんなにso; so much; like that
Don't worry too much.
たがるto want to
He wants to go to the zoo.
だけでjust by
Just by this coldness you will die.
出すto suddenly begin; to suddenly appear
Tom suddenly started to cry.
たところjust finished doing; was just doing
I was just starting to get that feeling.
たばかりjust did; something just happened
I arrived here only this morning.
たらif; after; when
If you get sleepy, tell me.
たらどうwhy don't you
Why dont you study more?
たり○○たりdo such things like
I did things like cleaning and doing the laundry.
続けるto continue
Please keep working.
てあげるto do something for someone
I'll forgive you just this once.
てあるsomething is/has been done
You have "lies" written all over your face.
ていくto go and do
It's okay! Because I will take bento with me.
ていただけませんかcould you please
Could you close the window please?
ているところin the process of doing
I'm thinking about what I should use the bonus for.
ておく / とくto do something for later
I keep juice cool in the fridge (for later).
てくるto come to; to become; to continue
That brings me to tears.
てくれるto do something for someone
Can you give me that?
でございますthere is; this is (honorific である)
This is the Kyoto Hotel.
てしまう / ちゃうto do something (regretfully); to do something (completely)
Drinking too much alcohol makes me sleepy (unfortunatley).
てすみませんI'm sorry for
I'm sorry I'm late.
てほしいI want you to; I need you to
I want you to study together with me.
てみるto try to
I am going to try playing baseball this weekend.
てもeven if; even though
I will go even if my parents are against it.
でもor something
How about tea or something?
てもらうto get somebody to do something
I will get someone to help with this work.
てよかったI'm glad that
I'm glad that I exercised today.
とif; when; and
Mother and daughter.
ということ(changes a sentence or phrase into a noun)
私にパーティに来てほしくない
ということはわかります。
I know you don't want me to come to the party.
と思うI think; you think
I think I’ll eat.
とか○○とかamong other things; such as
I like colors such as blue and light blue.
ときwhen; at the time
I listen to music when I take a walk.
ところabout to; on the verge of
I am just about to go home.
ないでwithout doing; don't
Don't cry.
ながらwhile; during; as
I watch TV while doing cleaning.
なくてはいけない / なくてはならないmust do; have to do
I have to go to school every day.
なくてもいいdon't have to
You don't have to hurry.
なければいけない / なければならないmust do; have to do
I thought that I must study more.
なさい(order somebody to do something)
Study!
なさるto do (honorific する)
Would you like something to drink?
などsuch as; things like
Things like my hips and back hurt (among others).
ならif; in case; as for
If it's you, you can do it
にくいdifficult to
Chopsticks are difficult to use.
の中でin; among
What fruit do you like best?
のに 1although in spite of; even though
Even though I said it was impossible, you're still going to do it?
のに 2in order to
It took three days in order for the letter to arrive.
のように / のようなlike; similar to
Chopsticks are used like this.
ばif… then
If the weather is good, you can see Mt. Fuji.
場合はin the event of
Moreover, it will be canceled in the event of rain.
ばかり 1only; nothing but
She does nothing but complain.
始めるto start; to begin to
The teacher starts class.
はずがないcannot be
Someone like him could never do it.
はずだit must be; it should be
There must be a better way.
必要need; necessary
Is this necessary?
必要があるneed to
We need to talk.
ほしいto want something; to be in need of
I want you!
までにby; by the time
Please call by tomorrow.
みたいlike; similar to; resembling
That cloud looks like a bird.
みたいに/みたいなlike; similar to
Lemon-like yellow.
やすいeasy to; likely to
Cake is easy to make.
ようだit seems that; it appears that; it looks like
It seems that someone has come.
ようと思うI think I will
I think I'll go to bed early tonight.
ように/ようなas; like; just like
Chopsticks are used like this.
ようにするto try to; to make sure that
I'm trying not to waste money.
ようになるto reach the point that
When I cleaned off the mud, they became like brand new!
よていだplan to; intend to
I'm planning to go there in September.
よりthan
It’s hotter than Japan.
らしい-like
She's girl=like (feminine).
られる 1to be able to do something
The fish can be eaten raw.
られる 2to do (by someone)
Taught by young people. (若い人達に教えた = Taught young people)
JLPT N3 Grammar List
あまりso much… that
I don't eat very much meat.
あまりにso much… that; too…
It was too noisy, so I covered my ears.
いくら○○ても / いくら○○でもno matter how
No matter how many times I called, he didn't respond.
一方だmore and more; continue to
The rain is getting heavier and heavier.
一方でon one hand; on the other hand
My father is very strict with himself but very kind to others.
うちにwhile; before; doing
My mother gets up while it’s still dark.
おかげでthanks to; because of
Thanks to the teacher, I passed (the exam) for university .
おそらくperhaps; likely; probably
おそらく私のコンピューターには何百万枚もの写真が入っています。
I probably have millions of pictures on my computer right now.
かけhalf-; not yet finished
The half-eaten cake is put on the table.
がたいhard to; difficult to
Oh, tempura soba is hard hard to throw away too.
がちapt to do; tend to do
If you hurry you tend to make mistakes.
代わりにinstead of; in exchange for
I send an e-mail instead of sending a letter.
ぎみ-like; -looking
I had a slight cold so I took some medicine.
きりonly; just
The two of us were left alone.
きるto do something completely
Anyhow, I’m tired out from working from morning till night.
切れないbeing too much to finish
There are too many stars to count in the Milky Way.
くせにeven though; and yet; despite
Despite the room being small, the rent is very expensive.
くらい / ぐらいprobably; around
It's around ten minutes from my house to the station.
決して○○ないnever; by no means
Tom never laughs.
こそcertainly (emphasises the previous word)
I’ll centainly go on a diet this year.
こと(must) do
Don't talk in a loud voice.
ことかhow…? what…!
何度注意したことか。
How many times have I warned you…?
ことがあるcan; sometimes happens
Small problems can become big problems.
ことだshould (when giving advice)
You should not repeat the same mistake.
ことに-ly
兄は交通事故に遭ったが、幸いな
ことに、軽いけがで済んだ。
My brother had a car accident but fortunate(ly) he was only slightly injured.
ことはないthere is no need to; never happens
You don’t have to worry about it.
さえeven
Even children can understand it.
さえ○○ば / さえすれば / さえいればif only… then
If you drink your medicine you'll get better.
しかないhave no choice but
have no choice but to do it now
ずにwithout (doing)
He left without saying anything.
ずにはいられないcan't help but feel; can't help but do
I couldn’t help feeling sorry for Tatsuya.
せいでbecause of
I was late because of a traffic accident.
そうもないvery unlikely to
A mystery we’re not likely to solve.
その結果as a result
As a result, he had been acquitted.
だけ 2as much as
As much as possible, I've got to avoid speaking Japanese.
た結果 / の結果as a result of
よく話し合っ
た結果、やはり離婚ということになりました。
As a result of a long discission, as expected we decided to get a divorce.
だけどbut; however
It is a drink, but it is spicy.
確かにsurely; certainly
That's certainly so, isn't it?
たとえ○○てもeven if… is the case
Even if the storm comes, I'll go for sure.
たとえばfor example
For example, they can bend their stems, change their directions, and so forth.
たとたんas soon as; just (now)
As soon as I stood up, I felt dizzy.
たびにeverytime; whenever
I think about him everytime I read this book.
ために 1for the sake of; in order to
Cook for someone.
ために 2because of; as a result of
As a result of the fog, the train was delayed.
たらいい / といい 1should
How long should I microwave this?
たらいい / といい 2I hope
I hope it is fun.
たらいい / といい 3it would be nice if
It'd be nice if we had curry for dinner tonight.
だらけ 1covered (all over)
My shoes were covered (all over) in mud.
だらけ 2full of
What he says is full of contradictions.
ついでにtaking the opportunity; while (you) are at it
Since I was at the post office, I bought a postcard.
っけwhat is… again?
Sorry, what is your name again?
っぱなしleaving something still in use
I left the windows open and went out.
っぽい-ish; -like
That shirt looks cheap doesn't it.
つまりin other words; that is to say
In other words, you don't know anything right?
てごらん(please) try to; (please) look
Try looking at the picture upside down.
て初めてnot until; only after… did I
I laid out the futon for the first time in my life.
てもかまわない / てもかまいませんno problem
Closing the door is no problem? (Would you mind closing the door?)
というcalled; named
What's this flower called?
ということI've heard that; it seems that
クリスさんから電話があって、少し遅れるということです。
Chris called and it seems like he will be a little bit late.
というとspeaking of; when you say…
今日では、ブラウス
というと女性用のシャツの事を指す。
Nowadays, a blouse usually refers to a women's shirt.
というのは 1means; is
Mystery means something that can not be explained.
というのは 2because
わたしは肉は食べません。
というのは、菜食主義だからです。
The first time in particular, is always the most difficult.
というのは 3in particular
The first time in particular, is always the most difficult.
というよりrather than
It was cold rather than cool today.
といってもalthough one says
Altough you say national holiday, there's nothing particularly special (about it).
とおりin the way; the same as
It was exactly as Mariko said.
ところがhowever; although
However, the plan didn’t turn out to be a success.
どころかfar from; nevermind
Nevermind wine, he doesn’t even drink beer.
ところでby the way
By the way, how's your wife?
としたら / とすればif it were the case that; if we assume
If you were going to die tomorrow, what would you want to do?
としてas (i.e. in the role of)
I entered Japan as an international student.
としない / とはしないnot try to; not make an effort to
Try not to play in this room please.
とする 1try to
He tried to avoid answering my question.
とする 2be about to
I forgot what I was about to say.
途中に / 途中でon the way; in the middle of
It's on the way to the station.
と共にtogether with
He went traveling with his wife and children.
とは限らないnot necessarily so; is not always true
It's not always the case that the television broadcasts the truth.
どんなに○○てもno matter how
No matter how much she eats, she never gains weight.
ないことはないcan; is not impossible
スキーはでき
ないことはないけど、もう何年もやってないから…
It’s not that I can’t ski, it’s just I haven’t done it in a long time.
中during; throughout
I'm on the phone right now.
ながら / いながら / ながらもalthough; despite
Although he always says he won't be late, he always is.
なぜなら / なぜかというとbecause; the reason is
学校を変えた。
なぜなら、僕のレベルのクラスがなかったからだ。
changed schools because there was no class available at my level.
なるべくas much as possible
Please come as early as possible.
なんか / なんてthings like; something
I stepped on something strange.
において / におけるin; on; at; as for; regarding
An international conference was held in Japan.
にかけてover (a period); through; concerning
Tomorrow it will rain from noon through late afternoon.
にかわって / にかわりinstead of; on behalf of
Soccer has overtaken baseball in popularity.
に関する / に関してrelated to; about
I read a book about living things.
に比べてcompared to
Our profit went up compared to the year before.
にしてはfor; considering it's
This child has a rich vocabulary for a four-year old.
にしてもeven if
Even if it’s a joke, it’s too much.
に対してregarding; with regards to
With regards to everyone, he is very kind.
に違いないI'm sure; no doubt that
She must be Japanese.
についてconcerning; about
I gave testimony about the accident.
につれてas… then
The blue sky turned gray as the dark clouds approached.
にとってto; for; concerning
It was a valuable experience for me.
によって / によるdue to; by means of
There's no worry of a tsunami due to this earthquake.
によると / によればaccording to
According to the weather forecast, it will be fine tomorrow.
間 / 間に 1while; during
During my trip, please take care of my dog.
間 / 間に 2between
He stretched a rope between the trees.
ば○○ほどthe more… the more/less
The more I thought about the plan, the less I liked it.
ばいいshould; can; it'd be good if
What clothes do you think I should put on to go to my date tomorrow?
ばかりでなくnot only… but also; as well as
Eat the rice, not just the side dishes.
ばよかったshould have; it would have been better if
You should've phoned me.
ふと 1suddenly
I suddenly remembered the past.
ふと 2accidentally; unexpectedly
By chance, I looked to my right, and there was a large tree.
ふりをするto pretend; to act as if
She pretended not to hear.
べきmust do; should do
I think Tom should eat more.
べきではないmust not do; should not do
We should not talk about things like that in front of children.
べつに○○ない / べつに○○じゃないnot really; not particularly
I don’t particularly like coffee.
ほどthe more; to the extent that; so much… that
It is cold enough to freeze tonight.
ほど○○ないis not as… as
There is nothing scarier than death.
最中にin the middle of
In the very middle of the party, there was an earthquake.
ままas it is
I want to stop time (in this moment).
まるでas if; as though
His magic is like a miracle.
向き 1towards (direction)
He parked the car backward.
向き 2suitable for
This is a collection of fairy tales suitable for elementary school students.
向けintended for; aimed at
It's a magazine for young girls.
めったにhardly; rarely; seldom
She rarely gets angry.
もしかしたらperhaps; maybe
It's possible that I might get transferred next year.
ものbecause (indicate reason or excuse)
「どうしてパーティーに行かないの。」 「だって、忙しい
もの。」
Why don’t you come to the party?. "Because I’m busy."
ものだused to do something; should do something
We should follow our predecessors’ teaching.
ような気がするhave a feeling that; think that
No, I feel as though I had been avoiding it.
ようにin order to; so that
Take a map with you so that you don’t get lost.
わけがないthere is no way that
I’m not accepting your money!
わけだfor that reason; no wonder; as you'd expect
It's started snowing! No wonder it's so cold.
わけではないit doesn't mean that; it is not the case
I did not hurt him intentionally.
わけにはいかないmust not; can't afford to
His wrong-doing must not be overlooked.
わりにfor; despite; unexpectedly
My son is big for his age.
を中心にfocused on; centered on
The earth rotates on its axis.
をはじめ / をはじめとするfor example; starting with
China and other Asian countries participated in the conference.
JLPT N2 Grammar List
あるいはor; possibly
Would you like tea or coffee?
いきなりsuddenly; all of a sudden
Someone tapped on my shoulder from behind all of a sudden.
以上 2because; now that
彼女を愛している
以上、そんなことは問題ではなかった。
That didn’t matter, because I loved her.
以上にmore than; no less than
The temperature gets above 30 degrees.
いよいよat last; finally
Finally, summer vacation is starting.
いわゆるso-called; so to speak
上でafter
上にas well; besides; in addition to
上はnow that; since
えないunable to; cannot
える / うるcan; is possible
お○○願うcould you please
恐れがあるthere are fears that
おまけにto make matters worse
か○○ないかのうちにright after; as soon as
かいがあるit's worth one's effort to do something
かえってon the contrary; rather; surprisingly
限りas long as; while… is the case
かと思ったら / かと思うとthen again; just when; no sooner than
か何かor something
かねないmight happen; might do something
かねるunable to do something
かのようas if; just like
から言うとin terms of; from the point of view of
からこそprecisely because
からしてjudging from; based on
からすると / からすればjudging from; considering
からといってjust because
からにはnow that; since; so long as
ら見るとfrom the point of view of; by the look of
気feel like
逆にon the contrary
げ(giving the appearance of)
ことからfrom the fact that
ことだからit is exactly because
ことなくwithout doing something even once
ごとにeach; every; at intervals of
ことになっているto be expected to; to be scheduled to
ことにはならないjust because… doesn't mean…
ことは○○がalthough; but
際にat the time; in case of
幸いluckily; fortunately
さらにfurthermore; again; more and more
ざるを得ないcan't help doing; have no choice but
しかもmoreover; furthermore
次第as soon as
次第だ / 次第でdepending on; so
したがってtherefore; accordingly
上from the standpoint of
少しも○○ないnot one bit; not even a little
すなわちin other words
ずに済むget by without doing something
せいぜいat the most; at best
せめてat least; at most
そういえばcome to think of it
そうするとhaving done that
そうにないextremely unlikely to; showing no signs of
その上besides; in addition; furthermore
それともor; or else
それなのにand yet; despite this
それならthen; if that's the case
それにしてもnevertheless; even so
たあげくto end up; finally
だけあって…being the case; precisely because
だけでなくnot only… but also
だけに…being the case; precisely because
だけのことはあるno wonder; it's not surprising that
だけはto do all that one can
だけましだone should feel grateful for
た末 / の末as a conclusion of
直ちにat once; immediately
だってbecause; but
たってeven if; even though; no matter how
たまえ(order somebody to do something)
ちっとも○○ないnot at all; not in the least
っこないno chance of; … is definitely not possible
つつwhile; although
つつあるto be doing
つもりでwith the intention of doing
ていてはif one keeps doing something
て以来since
てからでないとunless; until
てこそnow that; since
でしかないmerely; nothing but; no more than
てしょうがないvery; extremely
てたまらないvery; extremely; can't help but do
てでもeven if one has to; by all means
て当然だnatural; as a matter of course
てならないvery; extremely
てはif; since; one after another
てはいられないcan't afford to; unable to
てばかりはいられないcan't keep doing something
ではないかlet's do something; why don't we
てはならないmust not; cannot; should not
手前before; in front of; from one's standpoint
ということはthat is to say
というふうにin such a way that
というものだsomething like…; something called…
というものでもないthere is no guarantee that…; not necessarily
といったsuch… as
どうせanyway; anyhow
どうやらit seems like; it appears that
とかI heard that…
と考えられるone can think that…
ところだったwas just about to do something
どころではないthis is not the time for…
ところに / ところへat the time
ところを見るとjudging from; seeing that
としてはas for
としてもassuming; even if
とっくにalready; long ago
と同時にat the same time as
ともeven if; no matter
ないことには○○ないunless you do something
ないではいられないcan't help but feel; can't help but do
なおfurthermore; still; yet (used to add more information to the )
中をin; on
なくはないit's not that…; can; may be
なにも○○ないno need to
にあたりat the time; on the occasion of
に応じてdepending on; in accordance with
にかかわらずregardless of
にかかわるto relate to; to have to do with
に限ってonly; particularly when
に限らずnot just; not only… but also
に限るnothing better than; there's nothing like
に決まっているI'm sure that…
に加えてin addition to
に越したことはないit's best that; there's nothing better than
に応えてin response to
に基づいてbased on
に際してon the occasion of; at the time of
に先立ちbefore; prior to
に従ってas; therefore
にしたらfrom the point of view of
にしても○○にしてもregardless of whether
にしろ / にせよthough; even if; whether… or
にしろ○○にしろwhether… or
に過ぎないno more than; just; merely
に相違ないwithout a doubt; certain; sure
に沿ってalong with; in accordance with
につきdue to; because; per; each
につけboth… and…; every time something happens
にてin; at
に伴ってas; due to
にはin order to; for
に反してagainst; contrary to
にほかならないnothing but; none other than
に向かってtowards; to face; to head to
にもかかわらずdespite; in spite of; although
にわたってthroughout; over (a period of time)
抜きで / 抜きにしてleaving out; cutting out
抜くto do something to the end
ねばならないhave to; must
のみならずnot only; besides; as well
のも当然だit's only natural that; no wonder
のもとでunder
のももっともだno wonder; … is only natural
ばかり 2about; approximately
ばかりだcontinue to
ばかりにbecause; on account of
果たしてsure enough; really
はともかくwhether or not
は別としてaside from
はもとよりalso; let alone
反面on the other hand
ふうにin a way (this way/that way/what way)
ふたたびagain; once more
ぶりにfor the first time in
まいwon't; intend not to
まったく○○ないnot~at all
むしろrather; instead
も○○ば○○も…and…
もう少しでalmost; nearly
もかまわずwithout worrying about
もっともbut then; although
ものかas if
ものがある(sentence-ending expression of strong judgement)
ものだからbecause; the reason is
ものではないshouldn't do something; it's impossible to do something
ものならif one can do something
もののbut; although
やがてsoon; before long; eventually
やら○○やらsuch things as
ようがない / ようもないthere's no way to; it's impossible to
要するにthe point is
ようではif
よりほかないto have no choice but
ろくに○○ないnot doing something properly
わずかにslightly
を○○としてas
をきっかけにwith… as a start; as a result of
を契機にas a good opportunity to; as a result of
をこめてfilled with
を通じて / を通してvia; through
を問わずregardless of
を除いてexcept; with the exception of
をめぐってconcerning; in regard to
をもとにbased on; from
んだってI heard that
JLPT N1 Grammar List
あえてdare to
あくまでもto the end; to the utmost degree
案の定just as one thought
あらかじめbeforehand; in advance
あってのto owe everything to
場合によってはdepending on the situation
ばこそonly because
ばそれまでだif… then it's over
べからずmust not; should not
べくin order to; should
べくもないcan't
びるseeming to be
ぶりstyle; manner
ぶるbehaving like
だにeven
だの○○だのand; and so forth
であれ○○であれwhether A or B
であれ / であろうとwhoever / whatever / however
でも何でもないnot in the least
でなくてなんだろうmust be; is definitely
(で)すらeven
ではあるまいかI wonder if it's not
ではあるまいしit's not like; it isn't as if
ではすまないit doesn't end with just
どうにも○○ないnot … by any means
がてらon the same occasion
が早いかas soon as
が最後once something occurs; something else happens
ごとき / ごとくlike; as if
ぐるみtogether with
羽目になるto end up with (something unpleasant)
ひとつto give something a try
ほどのことはないnot worth; no need to
ほかに○○ないno other
ほうがましだI would rather
いかなるany kind of
いかんでは / いかんによってはdepending on
いかんによらずregardless of
いかにhow
いかにもindeed; really
いまだにstill; even now
いずれにせよat any rate; in any case
じみたto look like
限りだI feel so
かいもなくeven though
か否かwhether or not
可能性があるthere's a possibility
からあるas much as; as many as
かれ○○かれor
かたがたwhile; for the purpose of
かたわらwhile; at the same time
かつてonce; before
嫌いがあるto have a tendency to
きってのthe most … of all
きりがないthere's no end to
極まる / 極まりないextremely
極めてextremely; exceedingly
ことだしbecause; since
ことごとくaltogether; entirely
ことなしにwithout doing something
ことのないようso as not to
こととてbecause; since
くらいならrather than
くらいのものだonly
までだonly
までもないit's not necessary to
まじきshould not; must not
ままにto do as
まみれto be covered in
まるっきりtotally; completely
めくto show signs of
もはやalready; no longer
も顧みず / を顧みずregardless of; despite
もしないでwithout even doing
ものでbecause; for that reason
ものをI wish; if only
ものと思われるto think; to suppose
ものとしてto assume; to suppose
もさることながらnot only… but also
もしくはor; otherwise
ながらに / ながらのwhile; during
ないではおかない / ずにはおかないwill definitely; cannot not
ないではすまない / ずにはすまないmust
ないまでもeven if something isn't done
ないものかcan't we…?; can't I…?
ないものでもない(something) is not entirely impossible
ないとも限らないmight
なくしてwithout
何しろin any case; as you know
なしにwithout
ならではuniquely applying to
ならいざしらずI don't know about A; but B
なりas soon as
なり○○なりor
なりに / なりのin one's own way or style
なりともeven a little; at least
に値するto be worth; to deserve
にあたらないit's not worth; there's no need to
にあってat; during; in the condition of
にひきかえin contrast to
に至るまでuntil; as far as
に至ってはas for; when it comes to
に言わせればif you ask; if one may say
にかかっているto depend on
にかたくないit's not hard to
にまつわるto be related to
にもほどがあるto have a limit; to go too far
にもましてmore than; above
に則ってin accordance with
に先駆けてto be the first
にしたってeven; even if
にしてonly; in (time span)
に即してin keeping with
にたえる / にたえないcan/can't do something
に足る / に足りるto be enough; to be worthy of
に足りないto be not worth
に照らしてin comparison with; according to
にとどまらずnot limited to
には及ばないthere's no need to
によらずregardless of
んばかりにas if; as though
んがためin order to
の至りutmost
の極みutmost
のみかnot only… but also
のなんのってextremely
を踏まえてbased on
を経てthrough; after; via
をいいことにto take advantage of
を限りにstarting from
を兼ねてalso for the purpose of
を皮切りにstarting with
を機にas an opportunity to
を禁じえないcan't help but
をものともせずin defiance of
をもって 1by means of
をもって 2at the time
をおいてother than; without
を余儀なくされるto be forced to do something
をよそにdespite
思いをするto feel
折にwhen; on the occasion
およそtotally; (not) at all
さもないとotherwise; else; if not so
さぞI'm sure; I'm certain
始末だend up; in the end
そばからas soon as
さもtruly; really
それなりにas it is; in its own way
そうにもないimpossible; unlikely
ただ○○のみだcan do nothing but
た拍子にthe instant
ためしがない(something) is never the case
たりとも(not) even; (not) any
た瞬間にthe moment
てっきりsurely; certainly
たところでeven if one does something
てからというものafter; since
てかなわないcan't stand; unable to
てまでeven
てみせるI'll definitely
てもどうにもならないit's no use
ても始まらないit's no use
ても差し支えないcan; it's okay if
てしかるべきだshould
ってばI said; I told you to
てやまないalways; never stop
と相まってtogether with
とあればif; if it's the case that
とあってbecause of
とばかりにas if; as though
といえどもeven; even if
といい○○といいand; or
といったらないvery; extremely
というall; every
というかor; or more precisely
というか○○というか(I'm not sure if it's) A or B
というところだ / といったところだapproximately; about
というものduring a period of time
というわけだthis means
というわけではないit's not that; it doesn't mean that
といわずnot just; both
ときたらwhen it comes to; concerning
ときているbecause
ところがあるthere is
ところからfrom the fact that
とみられるto be regarded as; to be expected to
とみるやat the sight of; upon seeing
ともなくto do something without thinking about it
ともなると / ともなればwhen; once (something happens)
ともすればapt to; prone to
と思いきやI thought
とりわけespecially
とされるis considered
とっさにat once; right away
としたって / としたところでeven if
として○○ないnot even one
とてeven if; even though
とても○○ないcannot possibly
とは(indicates word or phrase being defined)
とはいえnonetheless; although
とはいうもののhaving said that; be that as it may
つ○○つ(indicates two contrasting actions)
はおろかlet alone; not to mention
はさておきsetting aside
や否やthe moment that; as soon as
やしないnot (emphatic negative)
(よ)うが / (よ)うとno matter how/what
(よ)うが○○まいが / (よ)うと○○まいとwhether or not
(よ)うか○○まいかwhether or not
(よ)うものならif one chooses to
(よ)うにも○○ないeven if one tries to do something; it can't be done
ようによってはdepending on
ゆえにtherefore; consequently
ざるnot; -un
ずじまいnever
ずくめentirely; completely
ずともeven without doing